An Integrated Model of Academic Advising Program Development

Advising professionals were surveyed to ascertain the applicability of a Four-Stage Model to the process of program development: changes that occur in an advising program in response to students' needs and institutional pressures. Respondents agreed with the process of development as defined by the model but disagreed on the components of each stage and the sequence of change. To more accurately illustrate the dynamics of program development, the model was reconceptualized. An Integrated Model, depicted as a pinwheel, demonstrates (a) that the phases of development are interrelated, (b) that the direction and degree of change vary from one program to another, and (c) that every program has multifaceted potential for serving students.